RESISTANSI PENGEMUDI OJEK ONLINE TERHADAP CELAH HUKUM KETENAGAKERJAAN

M. Ibnu Farhan, Irwansyah Irwansyah

Abstract


Hubungan industrial antara perusahaan aplikasi dan pengemudi ojek online di Indonesia dirumuskan secara kontraktual sebagai kemitraan. Pendefinisian pengemudi sebagai “mitra” alih-alih “pekerja” dalam kemitraan dimanfaatkan oleh perusahaan untuk menghindari kewajiban memberikan hak dasar dan jaminan sosial pekerja. Ketimpangan relasi terlihat dari otoritas penuh perusahaan untuk mengatur tarif dasar, mengontrol pembagian keuntungan, hingga memutus kemitraan secara sepihak. Dalam merespons kondisi kerja eksploitatif tersebut, sejumlah pengemudi justru mempraktikkan “kemitraan ganda”, yaitu bermitra dengan lebih dari satu perusahaan secara bersamaan. Sebagai analisis politik produksi, riset ini menelaah praktik kemitraan ganda dengan menggunakan teori gamifikasi kerja yang menjelaskan bahwa pekerja dirancang untuk abai terhadap realitas kondisi kerja melalui internalisasi persepsi terhadap kerja yang menyenangkan serta memberikan nilai tambah. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh melalui studi pustaka dan wawancara terhadap pengemudi di Kota Depok, tulisan ini berargumentasi bahwa praktik kemitraan ganda merupakan upaya resistansi individualistis dari pengemudi untuk menyiasati kerentanan kerja akibat celah regulasi kemitraan dalam rangka memenuhi kebutuhan sosial-ekonomi. Rendahnya kompetensi yang dibutuhkan untuk bekerja sebagai pengemudi dan bonus insentif yang disediakan oleh sistem kerja ojek online melalui gamifikasi menjadi alasan kuat bagi pengemudi untuk bertahan dengan profesinya. Tulisan ini menggarisbawahi pentingnya peran negara dalam mengatasi masalah kerentanan kerja pengemudi ojek online melalui harmonisasi hukum ketenagakerjaan di Indonesia.


Keywords


gamifikasi kerja; hubungan industrial; kemitraan; kerentanan kerja; ojek online

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jkp.v14i1.8212

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