GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE AGRICULTURAL

Agriculture plays a central role in the fulfillment of food needs for the Indonesian people. Despite its great potential, challenges and obstacles in the agricultural sector require government intervention to promote sustainable development. However, on the other hand, there is still a problem of farmers, where the majority are farmers who have not been able to enjoy agricultural products with some obstacles such as limitations on alternative fertilizers, agricultural tools, limitations on taking over technology updates that can impact agriculture. Government intervention is very necessary because it can encourage the development of the agricultural sector as done by the Jombang Regency Agricultural Service in the Agribusiness Clinic program. This study aims to find out and analyze the agribusiness clinic program in an effort to educate, encourage and bridge farmers in Jombang Regency. The research site is located in Jombang Regency, East Java Province. This study used a qualitative approach using data collection methods conducted by interviews, observation and documentation using data analysis techniques used, namely data collection, condensation, data presentation and data verification. The result of the study is that the organization of the Agricultural Clinic in Jombang Regency has been effective enough in its function to provide information services and consultation to key stakeholders and business operators in the agricultural sector is the main focus of this Agricultural Clinic. With this program, it is expected to increase the effectiveness and efficiency in the process of transferring agricultural technology to farmers.


PENDAHULUAN
Despite having such an important role, in fact, the agricultural sector is faced with a number of problems that can hinder the growth and smoothness of the agricultural process.Farmers' fortunes are often still stuck below the poverty line, with the majority of them unable to enjoy the fruits of their farming efforts.The challenges faced include the lack of knowledge and strategies for farmers to utilize available agricultural technology (Sanjani, 2021).In addition, problems also arise in the form of price disparity between products produced by farmers and selling prices to consumers.This is due to the length of the distribution chain of goods before they reach the hands of consumers (Hafidz & Amalia, 2021).
Along with this, according to (Jumadi et al., 2020), several obstacles arise, mainly related to the human resource factor.The majority of farmers are over 40 years old, and more than 70% of farmers in Indonesia have an education level equivalent to elementary school or even below.This low level of formal education leads to limited knowledge in agricultural processing, tending to carry out monotonous and underdeveloped agricultural practices (Jámbor, Jeremiás Máté Balogh, 2020) Therefore, it is necessary to adapt agricultural practices to increase production yields and meet the needs of food security.Furthermore, there are technological limitations that have not been evenly distributed, where knowledge of modern technology in agricultural management has not been widespread among farmers.Farmers tend to prefer using traditional equipment rather than adopting technology-based equipment, which is one of the inhibiting factors in technology adoption in the agricultural sector.
In general, farmers in this era face a number of challenges, including a lack of knowledge and strategies in utilizing available agricultural technology.Other problems include the price disparity between farmers' agricultural produce and the selling price to consumers, which arises from the long distribution chain of goods before they reach consumers.It is also difficult for farmers to find adequate platforms for discussion and consultation on agricultural issues.The lack of support and attention from the government also makes it difficult to develop the agricultural sector.To overcome the problems in the agricultural sector, the government needs to pay serious attention.The government as a policy implementer must continue to overcome challenges in the agricultural sector through the creation of superior programs.These programs are expected to be a factor in improving the quality, productivity and sustainability of the agricultural sector as a whole.
To overcome a number of problems faced by farmers, intervention is needed from the government, which is responsible for being in charge and implementing policies.These interventions include the involvement of individuals or groups of organizations with specific objectives, carried out with the intention of reducing the impact of problems faced by farmers.In this situation, the role of the government becomes very important as a policy controller and supervisor regarding issues that arise in the agricultural sector.(Yesiana et al., 2017).By designing policies through various programs, it is expected to increase efficiency and effectiveness in the utilization of agricultural resources.This is expected to result in an increase in farmers' welfare, increase food availability for the community, and support sustainable agricultural development.In addition, another goal of agricultural programs is to overcome the challenges and changes that occur in the agricultural sector, such as climate change, global competition, and poverty issues, especially in rural areas.The implementation of government interventions, which include the creation of agricultural programs and services, must be applied equally throughout Indonesia.Cooperation between the central government and local governments is needed to realize these programs as a decentralization effort.
The concept of Intervention is that Intervention is the deliberate act of intervening and making planned improvements in the development process of an organization or country.In the context of intervention, at least two groups are involved: individuals, groups, families, or communities facing situations that require assistance, and those who have the ability to provide assistance or improve their quality of life.The main goal of the intervention is to help the client achieve the desired change.In the early stages of the intervention, the client may face impairments or difficulties in functioning well as a member of the community in his or her social environment.(Hardjomarsono, 2014) Intervention instruments are Government tools are the means or methods used by the government to carry out its accountable duties.It involves various mechanisms used by the government in the exercise of its legitimate functions.According to Hughes as quoted by Setiyono (2014), Government intervention and role in people's lives is generally carried out through 4 (four) ways : 1) Provision, which is the role of government in providing goods or services through the state budget, 2) Subsidi, where the government assists individuals or the private sector to produce or provide goods or services desired by the government; subsidies actually fall under the category of provisioning 3) Production, which is an instrument used by the government to produce goods and services that will then be sold in the free market, and 4) Regulation, where the government uses the power of law to permit or prohibit certain activities.The use of these instruments may vary from time to time, depending on the needs and context of the event, in order to achieve societal goals, which is one of the roles and functions of the government in the life of the nation.
A role refers to the actions performed by a person in the context of an event, involving the actions and behaviors exhibited by individuals who occupy a position in social status.(Hidayat & Djadjuli, 2020).Roles arise due to an individual's position in the execution of behavior, and they do not operate independently as they require interaction with the environment.Nonetheless, the essence of the role to be performed remains the same.Therefore, the role includes the position occupied by a person, which involves all the actions expected by the other party in carrying out the rights and obligations in accordance with the status it has.According to Tjokroamidjojo (1995) As quoted in (Saputri & Khairani, 2021) states that the role of government can be identified through three main indicators.First, the role of government as a guardian of security and order, emphasizing the government's main function in maintaining state stability and maintaining order.Second, the role of government as an implementer of the service state, emphasizing the government's obligation as a provider of public services to meet the needs of the community.Third, the role of government as an entrepreneur or a driver of community business initiatives, showing the role of government as a driver of community development and innovation, especially in the economic sector.
According to Surjadi (2014) as quoted in (Lanak, 2021), The implementation of public services is an effort by the state to meet the basic needs and civil rights of every citizen for goods, services, and administration provided by public service providers.Within this framework, the government, both at the central, regional and village levels, has a responsibility for public services.
As part of the bureaucracy, the government is obliged to provide public services that have quality and are well received by the community.This is important because as a service provider, the government has an ethical responsibility to provide optimal services for its people.Therefore, all forms of services must be carried out effectively as a form of the government's moral responsibility to society.The process of organizing public services by government officials is part of the efforts of government agencies to provide satisfaction to the community as service recipients.Governance is essentially a process that involves a wide range of stakeholders and its focus can be over an entire territory or focused on specific themes and directions deemed important for that territory, involving a wide range of actors and citizens.However, sometimes a more holistic approach is required as often actions and initiatives taken in a particular orientation will have an impact on things happening in other orientations.Some regions encourage the participation of young people in discussions on the strategic development of their region, as well as encouraging them to take initiatives and pool the resources needed to realize these initiatives.(Bryant, 2018).
The implementation of government interventions, such as the creation of agricultural programs and services, must be implemented evenly across Indonesia.Cooperation between the central government and local governments is needed to realize these programs as a decentralization effort.For example, Jombang District has implemented interventions in the agricultural sector through agricultural programs to address issues related to the sector.The Jombang District Government intervened through the launch of the Agribusiness Clinic program in accordance with the regulations contained in Regent Regulation No. 67 of 2022 regarding the establishment of agribusiness clinics in the region.The Jombang District Agriculture Office actively operates the agribusiness clinic with the aim of improving services to farmers.This agribusiness clinic serves as a consultation service for farmers, providing solutions to various problems related to the world of agriculture.This is becoming increasingly important given the variety of problems faced by farmers, from pre-planting preparation, planting implementation, to harvest and post-harvest including price fluctuations.
The urgency of the existence of agribusiness clinics is manifested in several aspects, one of which is to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the use of agricultural resources, such as land, water, fertilizers, and pesticides.Based on information from the Jombang District Agriculture Office, the establishment of the Agribusiness clinic aims to provide information and facilitate technology transfer to farmers in an effective and efficient manner.In addition, the clinic strives to develop the agricultural sector by introducing technology to farmers who are not yet familiar with technological advancements, in the hope of improving their quality of life.The Jombang District Agriculture Office expands the range of services through the agribusiness clinic, which focuses on farmers and utilizes the Agricultural Extension Center which are spread across all subdistricts (Istiyowati, 2022).The significance of agribusiness clinics arises as a direct result of the highly specialized needs in managing agricultural enterprises.Farmers require appropriate services and consultations from agribusiness experts, especially in relation to agricultural techniques, resource management, and business aspects of farming.The main function of agribusiness clinics is to provide solutions and guidance that suit farmers' needs, as well as a bridge to provide farmers' access to the latest information and innovations in agribusiness.
Farmers' limited access to the latest information on agricultural technology, markets and policies is often a problem.Overall, agribusiness clinics exist because the majority of the population who depend on agriculture need special assistance and guidance in facing challenges and taking advantage of opportunities in their agricultural sector.The presence of agribusiness clinics contributes significantly to improving the quality, efficiency, and sustainability of agricultural businesses in the community.Data from the Central Bureau of Statistics of Jombang Regency supports the fact that the majority of the population in the district depends on the agricultural sector, providing a strong foundation for the existence of agribusiness clinics as the main support in optimizing agricultural activities in the region.Based on the data recorded in the table above, it can be clearly seen that the majority of the population in the Jombang Regency area tend to choose or depend on farming for their livelihoods.The table reflects a significant number or percentage of the total population of Kabupaten Jombang who are actively involved in agricultural activities as their main source of income or livelihood.The high proportion of people who rely on farming for their livelihoods in the region reflects the central role of the agricultural sector in the local economy.This data shows that agriculture plays a key role in creating jobs and meeting the livelihood needs of a large proportion of the population of Kabupaten Jombang.
As an intervention effort of the Jombang District government, the Agribusiness Clinic provides various types of services, including consultation services, recommendations, facilitation, mediation, counseling, and information dissemination.Consultation services focus on the application of cultivation technology, post-harvest handling, processing, and marketing of agricultural products.Recommendations aim to provide initial solutions to agricultural problems.Facilitation includes initial tests and research such as nitrogen and soil content tests, identification of Plant Disturbing Organisms, as well as group meetings and connections to related parties.Mediation is conducted to resolve conflicts both internal and external to the farmer organization.Extension and information dissemination are conducted through online media, such as a website (G-site), presenting a variety of scientific information, technology, access, sources of financing, and agricultural facilities.Through this clinic, integration and synergy between the government and other stakeholders are expected.Based on this explanation, it appears that farmers in Jombang Regency need a program that can assist, supervise, and guide them in overcoming problems in the agricultural sector (Istiyowati, 2022).

METHOD
In this study, researchers adopted a qualitative research approach with descriptive methods.(Moleong, 2016) defines qualitative research as a method used to gain a thorough understanding of the phenomena experienced by the research subject, which is then described in the form of words.This research involves the utilization of various scientific methods and is conducted in natural conditions.This method has previously been applied in cultural history research and is often referred to as a technical method because of its efficiency in data collection and analysis.The research location was at the Department of Agriculture with the consideration that the Department of Agriculture has a role as an implementer and is obliged to be responsible for the course of the Agribusiness Clinic activities in Jombang Regency.This research uses two types of data, namely primary data and secondary data.Data collection techniques used several methods, namely observation, interviews and documentation.The analysis technique uses an interactive data analysis method developed by Miles et al. (2014) proposes a data analysis method that involves several steps.These steps include data collection, data condensation, data presentation, conclusion drawing, and verification.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Government intervention through programs is a concrete action taken to address stability in various sectors.One example is the establishment of the Agribusiness Clinic in Jombang Regency, which has had a positive impact on the development of the agricultural sector.The Agribusiness Clinic functions as an institution that provides agricultural technology innovation and shortens the distance between the source of technology and the users.The presence of this clinic is very important because effective communication in delivering technological information to farmers is considered a crucial aspect.
The Agribusiness Clinic has a role as a facilitator to facilitate business collaboration and partnerships among various market actors, including groups of farmers, traders, entrepreneurs, financial institutions, and so on.The goal is to support agricultural development more effectively and efficiently (Djoko Soejono, Gatot Subroto, 2022) and The Agribusiness Clinic has three main functions, namely: provide assistance to agribusiness actors in overcoming technical and management challenges of agricultural businesses, providing information on applicable technologies, commodity market situations, and potential sources of funding, as well as acting as a feedback channel that supports the development of agricultural technology in accordance with the needs of technology users.
The Agribusiness Clinic is not only a place to get information, but also a forum for communication that focuses on the problems faced by farmers in running agricultural businesses.The Agribusiness Clinic has a strategic role in providing superior services to main actors and agricultural business actors.With the aim of increasing their understanding and awareness of technological innovations, it is expected to achieve an increase in the production and productivity of the agricultural sector.With the establishment of the Agribusiness Clinic, it is expected to provide effective and efficient information services, and accelerate technology transfer to farmers.The importance of this clinic lies not only in providing information, but also in building collaboration both internally with agricultural R&D agencies and externally with universities, the private sector, and other institutions.This collaboration is key in supporting the acceleration of technological innovation in the agricultural sector and can increase the level of professionalism of agricultural extension workers, fisheries and livestock officers.In addition, the clinic is expected to facilitate the general public and farmer groups that previously had limited access to agribusiness and agroindustry science and technology.The function of the Agribusiness Clinic is not only limited to increasing knowledge, but is also directed to assist the government in identifying problems in the agricultural sector and finding solutions more quickly and effectively.
The Jombang District Agriculture Office has activated its own Agribusiness clinic already running from 2022.The Agribusiness Clinic in Jombang District oversees a combination of farmer groups in 21 sub-districts in Jombang District.As an agribusiness consultation center, BPP Kostratani has a crucial role in supporting the establishment of the Agribusiness Clinic.Functioning as an agribusiness consultation center, BPP Kostratani provides information, consultation, education, and training services for main actors and business actors in the agricultural sector.The Jombang District Government participates in efforts to address, encourage, and overcome problems faced by farmers through the implementation of the Agribusiness Clinic program.Hughes quoted from (Setiyono, 2014), Hughes explains that there are four instruments of intervention applied by the government to achieve this goal.The intervention instruments can be grouped into four categories run by the government, as described by Hughes in his book, namely Provision, Subsidy, Production and Regulation.The Agribusiness Clinic program is one of the concrete forms of government intervention in Jombang Regency to provide solutions and support to farmers in overcoming various challenges in agriculture.

Provision
It is a government instrument in providing goods or services directly through budget allocations, which is the main instrument used in carrying out government tasks.In this context, the Jombang District government created the Agribusiness Clinic as a concrete step to bridge and overcome the problems faced by farmers in the region.The provision of goods and services in the form of Agribusiness Clinic services includes elements that can be observed directly, including the service process, consultation by officers to farmers, provision of facilities, mediation, and technology adoption by farmers.These processes do not run independently, but also depend on other aspects.Budget allocation and deployment is a tool used by the government to regulate and supervise the country's economic activities.
Budget allocations are also made for Agribusiness Clinic activities obtained through the allocation of funds from the Regional Budget (APBD) of Jombang District.These funds are directed to support meetings and the dissemination of agricultural technology innovations.The availability of the budget allows the fulfillment of the facilitation of goods and services needed.Based on the research results, the budget allocation for the Agribusiness Clinic amounted to Rp. 273,420,000.The budget is used for the provision of equipment that can provide convenience for farmers, helping them to carry out operational activities more efficiently.Modern equipment can reduce the time and labor required in the farming process, resulting in increased efficiency.The facilitation of goods, such as pest control tools and equipment for efficient soil structure improvement, can help reduce the risk of losses that farmers may face due to external factors, such as non-optimal soil conditions or pest attacks.
Agricultural equipment such as cultivators, which serve to process and improve soil structure in farming areas, are specifically designed to till the soil and control weed growth.The purpose of this tool is to make the soil more fertile and ready for planting crops.In addition, there are also me-chanical devices known as power weeders that are used in agriculture to clear weeds and control their growth around crops.This machine is designed to make the weeding process more efficient and effective.There are also field plowing tools such as tractors that can help in the farming process.The agribusiness clinic further provides various services to farmers, and these services are available at every Agricultural Extension Center in Jombang District.The services provided involve consultation, counseling, recommendations, and information absorption.Consultation services involve various aspects, such as the application of cultivation technology, post-harvest handling, processing, and marketing of agricultural products.Recommendations pro-vided aim to provide initial solutions to agricultural problems.
Facilitation includes preliminary tests/ research, such as nitrogen content tests using leaf color charts, soil content tests using the PUTS method, and identification of Plant Disturbing Organisms (PESTs).Mediation services are directed at providing solutions to conflict resolution, both internal and external within farmer institutions.Counseling and information dissemination is conducted through online media, such as websites (G-site), which provide information on science, technology, access, sources of financing, and other facilitation in agriculture.(Istiyowati, 2022) With the agribusiness clinic, the role of the Agricultural Extension Center as a service center for farmers in Jombang Regency can be optimized, so that agricultural problems faced by farmers can be resolved immediately.Integrated laboratory facilities are also used to meet the needs of farmers.An agricultural integrated laboratory is a research and development facility that provides services and analysis in one place, integrated holistically to support various aspects of agriculture, such as soil analysis for proper fertilization planning, irrigation water analysis to assess irrigation water quality, as well as organizing training and education for farmers and other agricultural stakeholders.Through these various functions, agricultural integrated laboratories play an important role in supporting agricultural sustainability, increasing crop productivity, and providing crucial information resources for agricultural actors.
Based on the results of research, the provision intervention instrument has been running effectively.This is proven by the provision of goods and services that can be accessed by farmers in Jombang Regency.There are facilitations such as extension officers and agricultural equipment for farmers.Overall, the Agribusiness Clinic aims to provide solutions or alternatives to the problems faced by farmers in their agricultural activities.The implementation of this clinic is also structured into several fields in accordance with its main duties and functions.

Subsidy
According to Hughes as cited in (Setiyono, 2014) the form of subsidy instruments include assistance provided to various parties, including farmers, industries, entrepreneurs, or private schools.Subsidies are given with the aim of encouraging related parties to provide certain goods or services to the public, with support from the government.Generally, subsidies are given on the condition that the recipient of the subsidy can provide products or services in accordance with certain standards set by the government.The type of assistance provided can also vary according to the needs of the farmers.In this case, the assistance provided is the provision of subsidies to farmers by the government can be diverse, one of which is the provision of subsidized fertilizers allocated to farmers every year through RDKK (Rencana Definitif Kelompok Tani).According to the Regulation of the Minister of Agriculture No. 67/2016 on Farmer Institutional Development, article 3 states that one of the instruments in fostering farmer institutions is the RDKK.Farmer groups are required to prepare RDKK as an effort to find out the needs required by farmers.
Based on the results of the study, the fertilizer subsidy is effective and supports the success of the stakeholders in overcoming farmers' problems.The existence of fertilizer subsidies has contributed to increased agricultural productivity, with farmers, as direct recipients of fertilizer subsidies, experiencing increased income due to more abundant crop yields.This helps to overcome financial constraints and improve their economic welfare.The government, as one of the key stakeholders, has succeeded in creating a balance between fertilizer availability and affordability, thus ensuring farmers can access fertilizers adequately.Nonetheless, continuous evaluation and monitoring is important to ensure the sustainability and improvement of this policy over time.

Production
It is a government instrument used by the government to produce goods or services that will then be marketed in the free market.In this context, the Jombang District Agriculture Office is involved in activities that will produce products that are beneficial to farmers or products that can be traded in the free market.In total, these agricultural products are not only a very important need, but also a crucial element in increasing the productivity, welfare, and sustainability of agricultural businesses.By ensuring the availability and easy access to these products, farmers can increase their yields and achieve long-term viability of their farms.
Production itself in an agribusiness clinic is carried out in the services of the agribusiness clinic, which include extension and demonstration, being a concrete form of absorption of agricultural technology.Extension and demonstration in fertilizer production, as illustrated above, can provide farmers with a practical understanding of how to make fertilizer directly.Through direct observation and participation in the manufacturing process, farmers can gain knowledge of the necessary steps and techniques.Thus, farmers can develop practical skills in blending and making fertilizers appropriately.This not only improves their ability to manage crops and soil by using appropriate fertilizers, but also reduces costs as they do not need to purchase ready-made fertilizers.
Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the production instruments in the agribusiness clinic activities show a limited level of effectiveness.This is due to the fact that the goods produced, such as fertilizers and pesticides, are not marketed outside, but are used for their own internal needs.Nonetheless, it can be interpreted that there are efforts to achieve selfreliance in the agricultural sector.Such efforts may involve the production of organic fertilizers using local materials or the application of natural pest control methods.Products from the agribusiness clinic can be used to meet the internal needs of the Department of Agriculture, such as providing examples to department staff or trainees to develop better production outcomes.

Regulation
According to Hughes as quoted in (Setiyono, 2014) Essentially, regulation is a mechanism that permits or prohibits activities, including economic activities, through a legal framework.The legal basis for the implementation of the Agribusiness Clinic is found in the Regulation of the Minister of Agriculture Number 46 of 2019 concerning the Strategic Command for Agricultural Development, in which the Agricultural Extension Center acts as a provider of agricultural technology innovation and brings agricultural technology sources closer to users.Furthermore, the implication is found in Jombang Regent Regulation Number 67 of 2022 which regulates the establishment of agribusiness clinics in Jombang Regency.
Every activity carried out by the Agriculture Office in Jombang Regency has been regulated in accordance with the Law and the Jombang Regent Regulation because the Office operates in the region.All aspects of the activities, including the duties, functions and responsibilities of each officer, have been described in detail.As a measure to organize the activities, Activity SOPs have been created, including a schedule of activities per subdistrict and a consultation mode that is set up from the start.
Supervision of the Agribusiness Clinic activities is carried out by staff from the district.The supervision tasks are divided according to the Decree of the District Agribusiness Clinic Team, which is conducted every two weeks.The supervision includes information on the schedule, implementation, results of the meeting, and next steps to be taken.The results of the follow-up consultation will be evaluated at the next meeting in the coming period.
Based on the results of field research, the regulation of the agribusiness clinic has been effectively implemented.The legal basis used can be used as a reference or basis for running the program.The existence of standard operating procedures helps reduce the potential for errors in the implementation of agribusiness clinics, increase efficiency, save time and energy in the service process, act as a communication tool to convey the implementation of tasks, become a guide in providing services to farmers, and facilitate the steps of the service activity process.

CONCLUSION
In all aspects mentioned, the Agribusiness Clinic has been operating with an adequate level of effectiveness in carrying out its main functions.The main focus of the Agribusiness Clinic is to provide information and consultation services to stakeholders and business actors in the agricultural sector.By involving them in the program, it is expected to improve efficiency and effectiveness in transferring agricultural technology to farmers.Although government intervention through the Jombang District Agriculture Office has been ongoing, its effectiveness has not been achieved.Some of the inhibiting factors include the limited availability of agricultural infrastructure, inadequate agricultural facilities and equipment (alsintan), and delays or non-optimality in transferring technology to farmers.These constraints have a negative impact on the implementation of the Agribusiness Clinic as part of the government's efforts to develop the agricultural sector in Jombang District.
Therefore, although the Agribusiness Clinic has shown success in some aspects, there is room for further improvement, especially in overcoming the constraints that still exist.Further efforts in improving the availability of agricultural infrastructure and facilities, as well as optimizing the